Lead Isotope & Trace-Element Database
for Archaeological Provenance in China

An open research platform integrating Pb isotope ratios, bulk-composition analyses (36 elements), and geological ore reference data for Chinese bronzes and other metal artifacts — Neolithic through Imperial periods.

Archaeological
3,570

Pb Isotope Analyses

Lead isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb + derived) from published studies on Chinese bronze artifacts, coins, ceramics, and other metals.

  • 3,570 samples
  • Site, period, and reference linked
Trace Elements
2,249

Bulk-Composition Analyses

Concentrations of Cu, Sn, Pb, Fe, Zn, As, Sb, Ni, Ag and 27 more elements in weight %. Detection-limit flags preserved; multiple analytical methods supported.

  • 2,249 analyses, 36 elements each
  • Methods: ICP-AES, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, EPMA, AAS, NAA
Geological
5,886

Ore Reference Data

Pb isotope analyses of galena, K-feldspar and sulfide minerals from Chinese ore deposits (Hsu & Sabatini 2019). 16 metallogenic provinces across all major tectonic terranes.

  • 5,886 ore analyses
  • 16 metal provinces; quality-assessed
Index
306
Sites
128
References

Sites & References

Archaeological sites with province, period, and coordinates, plus the published sources linked to every sample in the database.

  • Auto-linked to Pb and TE samples
  • Bilingual site names (EN / 中文)

Pb Samples by Province

Pb Samples by Period

Platform Features

Search & Filter

Filter by site, province, period, reference, or any combination. Multi-select supported for both Pb and TE data.

Interactive Plots

Pb scatter with KDE margins and ore overlay; TE plots with any X/Y element pair, log/linear axes, and custom data paste.

Open REST API

Read access needs no key. Writes require an X-API-Key: bulk-upload endpoints for Pb and TE samples, and reference creation.

Team Contributions

Team members add data via the pbisodb-client skill — HTTPS only, no server access needed.