References (128)

Chen K, Mei J, Rehren T, Liu S, Yang W, Martinon-Torres M, Zhao C, Hirao Y, Chen J, Liu Y (2019) Hanzhong bronzes and highly radiogenic lead in Shang period China. J Archaeol Sci 101, 136-149.

Chen, D., Luo, W., Bai, Y., 2019. The social interaction between China and Japanese archipelago during Western Han dynasty: comparative study of bronze mirrors from Linzi and Yayoi sites. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 11, 3449–3457. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12520-018-0763-y.

Chen, D., Li, R., Wang, H., Luo, W., 2020. Archaeometallurgical perspectives on breaking mirror burial of Xiongnu culture in Xinjiang during the Western Han Dynasty. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 12, 157.

Chen, D., Liu, Z., Li, R., Luo, W., 2020. Source Change of Lead Materials for Mirror-Making Industry in Western Han, China: Evidence from Nanyang Bronze Mirrors. Current Science 118(9), 1442–1447.

Chen, D., Han, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, K., Cai, B., Liu, S., 2021. The prestigious tin–lead horse fittings in the Warring States Period: Evidence from funerary artefacts of a Warring States Tomb at Shouxian, Anhui. Archaeometry 63, 1290–1305.

Chen, J., Zhang, J., Fang, Q., Zhang, C., Gao, C., Chen, S., 2024. Jin Dao Xi Hang: Metal Circulation Network in the Middle Yangtze River Region during the Shang and Zhou Periods(金道锡行——简论商周时期长江中游地区金属流通网络). Jianghan Archaeol. (江汉考古) 5 11–23 (in Chinese).

Cui, Jianfeng, Wu, Xiaohong, 2008. The Study of Lead Isotopic Archaeology (铅同位素考 古研究). Cultural Relics Press (文物出版社) (in Chinese), Beijing.

Cui, Jianfeng, Han, Binghua, Jin, Zhibin, 2010. Lead isotope ratio analysis of bronze materials from Fenshuiling (长治分水岭青铜器矿料的铅同位素比值分析). In: Shanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Shanxi Museum, Changzhi Museum (Eds.), Changzhi Fenshuiling Eastern Zhou Cemetery (长治分水岭东周墓地). Cultural Relics Press (文物出版社), Beijing, pp. 386-391 (in Chinese).

Dai, Q., Zhao, Y., Pang, S., Zhang, J., 2024. Scientific analysis and research on metal artefacts unearthed from the tombs of nd Northern Dynasties unearthed from Zhaojiaxuyao, Linzi(临淄赵家徐姚北朝墓出土金属器的科学分析研究). Haidai Archaeol.(海岱考古) 1, 175–180 (in Chinese).

Sayre, E.V., Yener, K.A., Joel, E.C., Barnes, I.L., 1992. Statistical evaluation of the presently accumulated lead isotope data from anatolia and surrounding regions. Archaeometry 34, 73–105.

Gao, J., Xu, X., Li, C., Hao, N., Lang, J., Han, H., Wang, Q. (2025). Technology, inhabitants and ritual traditions revealed by scientific analyses of Eastern Zhou bronze artefacts from the Lu state, Qufu, China. Journal of Archaeological Science, 180, 106309.

Gao, Jianxin, Dong, Weidong, Wu, Xiaotong, Wang, Xiang, Huang, Fengchun, Wang, Qingquan, 2024. Technical and economic history of western Han dynasty revealed by bronze mirrors from Zonglvcheng cemetery, Linzi, China. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 16, 73.

Han, Binghua, 2017. Research on the Shang Bronzes Unearthed from Southern Shanxi. PhD Thesis (in Chinese).

He, X., Sun, Z., Liu, S., Chen, J., Gong, X., 2024. Provenancing copper in the middle Shang period through isotopic analysis of metallurgical remains. J. Archaeol. Sci. 168, 106020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106020.

Hirao, Y., Suzuki, T., 1995. Lead isotope analysis of bronze mirrors from Japan. Original publication.

Hirao, Y., Suzuki, T., 1996. Lead isotope analysis of bronze mirrors from Japan. Original publication.

Huang M, Wu X, Jiang Z, Jin Z. Metal resources and Han immigrants: Lead isotope analysis of metal relics excavated from Heimajing cemetery in Gejiu, Yunnan, China. Archaeometry. 2024;1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13048

Huang, M., Wu, Xiaotong, Chen, X., Tao, L., Wu, Xiaohua, Shi, M., Li, F., Ritchey, M.M., Huang, F., Jin, Z., 2021. Wuchuan bronzes and cinnabar mining immigrants during the Qin and Han Dynasties—new perspectives from typological and lead isotope analysis. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 13, 198.

Li, Jun, 2011. Investigation and Study on Early Copper Mining and Smelting Sites in the South of Shanxi Province, Central China (晋南早期铜矿冶遗址考察研究). PhD Thesis. University of Science and Technology Beijing (in Chinese).

Barnes, I.L., Chase, W.T., Deal, E.C., 1987. Lead isotope ratios. In: Bagley, R.W. (Ed.), Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 558–560.

金正耀, Pang, J.F., 1993. 战国古币的铅同位素比值研究——兼说同时期广东岭南之铅. 考古学报, 1993(4).

Jin, Zhengyao, Chase, W.T., Hirao, Y., Peng, S., Mabuchi, H., Miwa, K., Zhan, K., 1994. The study of lead isotope ratios of bronze artefacts from Dayangzhou cemetery at Xin'gan in Jiangxi province (江西新干大洋洲商墓青铜器的铅同位素比值研究). Archaeology (考古) 8, 744-747 (in Chinese).

Jin, Zhengyao, Mabuchi, H., Chase, T., Chen, D., Miwa, K., Hirao, Y., 1995. The study of lead isotope ratios of bronze artefacts from the hoard at the site of Sanxingdui in Guanghan (广汉三星堆遗物坑青铜器的铅同位素比值研究). Cultural Relics (文物) 2, 80-85 (in Chinese).

Jin, Zhengyao, Zheng, Guang, Hirao, Yoshimitsu, et al., 1998. Lead Isotope Study of Early Chinese Bronze Objects. In: The Fourth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys (BUMA-IV), Shimane, Japan, pp. 127-132.

Jin, Zhengyao, Chase, W.T., Hirao, Y., Mabuchi, H., Miwa, K., 1999. Lead isotope analysis of bronze artefacts from Leigudun tomb, Suizhou, Hubei (湖北随州擂鼓墩墓葬青铜器的铅同位素比值研究). In: Jin, Z. (Ed.), Scientific Research on Chinese Bronzes. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese).

Jin, Zhengyao et al. Online lead isotope database (unpublished dataset). Contains data from multiple sites including Yinxu and Yidigang.

Jin, Zhengyao, 2008. Lead Isotope Arcaheology in China (中国铅同位素考古). University of Science and Technology China Press (中国科技大学出版社) (in Chinese), Hefei.

Li, H., 2020. Resources and Society: A Study of Bronze Circulation Systems in the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties(资源与社会:以商周时期铜器流通为中心). Science Press (科学出版社), Beijing (in Chinese).

Li, Y., Yang, S., Han, D., Huang, L., Yang, G., Li, Yuniu, 2023. A Metal Production Center on the Southwest Frontier of the Han Empire: An Archaeometallurgical Study of the Heimajing Cemetery Site in Gejiu, Yunnan Province, China. Asian Perspect. 62, 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1353/asi.2023.0004.

Qiang Li, Guofeng Wei, Liangliang Chen, Letong Wu, Yun Chen. Lead isotopes and elemental composition of bronzes excavated from Xiajiang area of Chongqing, China using MC-ICP-MS and SEM-EDS. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 59 (2024) 104774.

刘群等, 正阳闰楼墓地出土商代铜器的检测分析 (Comparison data cited in Wang et al. 2021).

Liu, R., Pollard, A.M., Rawson, J., Tang, X., Bray, P., Zhang, C., 2019. Panlongcheng, Zhengzhou and the Movement of Metal in Early Bronze Age China. J. World PreHistory 32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-019-09137-w.

Liu, Z., Yang, Y., Luo, W., 2016. A Lead Isotope Study of the Han Dynasty Bronze Artefacts from Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Museum, Sichuan Province, Southwest China. CAC 12, 553–559. https://doi.org/10.2174/ 1573411011666150901185450.

Liu, S., Zou, Q., Lu, J., Chen, K., Chen, J., 2023. Provenance research of metal materials in Xiaozui site from Panlongcheng (盘龙城遗址小嘴金属物料的产源研究). Jianghan Archaeol. (江汉考古) 3, 131–138 (in Chinese).

Liu, J., 2015. Scientific Study on the Shang and Zhou Periods Bronzes Unearthed from Northern Shaanxi(陕北地区出土商周时期青铜器的科学分析研究). PhD Thesis. University of Science and Technology Beijing (in Chinese).

Liu, J., 2015. Scientific Study on the Shang and Zhou Periods Bronzes Unearthed from Northern Shaanxi(陕北地区出土商周时期青铜器的科学分析研究). PhD Thesis. University of Science and Technology Beijing (in Chinese).

Liu, Z., 2017. Metallurgical Archaeological Research on the Chu System’s Bronzes in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (东周楚系青铜器的冶金考古研究). PhD Thesis. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese).

Luo, Z., Jin, Z., Chen, Q., Huang, F., Fan, A., 2025. New scientific analysis reveals the independent bronze production system of indigenous Yue Group in Southern China during early Western Zhou period. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 17, 37. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12520-024-02157-4.

Luo, Z., Jin, Z., Zhao, Z., Hu, G., Luo, S., Yang, M., Huang, F., Fan, A., 2023. Lead isotope reveals the mineral source change of late Bronze Age bronze mirrors excavated in Hunan Province, Southern China. J. Archaeol. Sci.: Reports 49, 103994. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103994.

Ma, J., Jin, Z., Fan, A., Xiang, T., Chen, F., 2016. Scientific analysis of bronze artefacts unearthed from the Tanheli Site in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province(湖南宁乡县炭 河里遗址出土青铜器的科学分析). Archaeology(考古) 7, 111–120 (in Chinese).

Ma, Jiangbo, Wu, Xiaotong, Jin, Zhengyao, Tian, Jianhua, Xiang, Taoying, 2018. Analysis and Study of Copper Artefacts and Slag Excavated from the Shang Sites in Yueyang (岳阳商代遗址出土铜器及炉渣的分析研究). Jianghan Archaeol. (江汉考古) 3, 110–116 (in Chinese).

Mabuchi, H., Hirao, Y., 1982. Lead isotope ratios of bronze mirrors from Japan. Original publication.

Mabuchi, H., Hirao, Y., 1983. Lead isotope ratios of Han-style mirrors. Original publication.

Mabuchi, H., Hirao, Y., 1983. Lead isotope ratios. Original publication. Compiled in Mabuchi 2012 dataset.

Mabuchi, H., Hirao, Y., 1983. Lead isotope ratios. Original publication. Compiled in Mabuchi 2013 dataset.

Mabuchi, H., Hirao, Y., 1990. Lead isotope analysis of Han-style mirrors from Japan. Original publication.

Mabuchi, H., 1981. Lead isotope study of bronze mirrors. Original publication.

Mabuchi, H., Hirao, Y., Nishida, M., 1985. Lead isotope approach to the understanding of early Japanese bronze culture. Archaeometry 27, 131–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1985.tb00358.x

Mabuchi, H., 1986. Lead isotope study of Japanese bronze mirrors. Original publication.

Mabuchi, H., 2011. Studies on some chemical aspects of Chinese Hanstyle mirrors: transition of lead isotope patterns from ‘WesternHan mirror type’ to ‘Eastern-Han mirror type (漢式鏡の化学的研究(2)鉛同位体比の「前漢鏡タイプ」から「後漢鏡タ イプ」への移行について). Archaeol. Nat. Sci. (考古学と自然科学) 43–63 (in Japanese).

Mabuchi, H., Hirao, Y., Nishida, M., 1991. Lead isotope analysis data. Original publication.

Mu D., Song G.D., Cui B.X., Wang H.M., Wang W., Luo W. 2014. Provenance study on Chinese bronze artefacts of E in the Zhou Dynasty by lead isotope analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 52: 515-523.

Mu, Di, 2016. 南阳东周青铜器 (Nanyang Eastern Zhou Bronzes). MA/PhD Thesis (牟笛毕业论文) (in Chinese).

Mu, Di, Song, Guoding, Cui, Benxin, Wang, Hongmin, Wang, Wei, Luo, Wugan, 2014. Provenance study on Chinese bronze artefacts of E in the Zhou Dynasty by lead isotope analysis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 52, 515–523.

Nan, Puheng, Ma, Jiangbo, 2012. Lead isotope analysis of bronzes from Hengshui cemetery, Shanxi (山西横水墓地出土铜器铅同位素分析). (in Chinese).

Nan, Puheng, 2017. Research on Bronze Technology of Jin Kingdom in Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期晋国青铜器制作技术研究). PhD Thesis. University of Science and Technology Beijing (in Chinese).

Nishida, M., 1986. Lead isotope analysis of bronze mirrors. Original publication.

Okamura, H., Watanabe, Y., Sumi, H., 2024. Analysis of Bronze Yu vessels from Kurokawa Institute 黒川古文化研究所蔵銅盂の化学分析報告. Res. Ancient Cult. (古 文化研究) 23, 1–10 (in Japanese).

Peng, Zicheng, Sun, Weidong, Huang, Yunlan, Zhang, Xun, Liu, Shizhong, Lu, Benshan, 1997. Preliminary study on the provenance of ancient mineral materials from Jiangxi, Hubei and Anhui provinces (赣鄂皖诸地古代矿料去向的初步研究). Kaogu (考古) 7, 53-58 (in Chinese).

Peng, Zicheng, Liu, Yonggang, Liu, Shizhong, Hua, Jueming, 1999. Preliminary exploration of the provenance of Shang bronze artefacts and some copper-lead ores in the Jiangxi-Hubei-Henan region (赣鄂豫地区商代青铜器和部分铜铅矿料来源的初探). Studies in the History of Natural Sciences (自然科学史研究) 18(3), 241-249 (in Chinese).

Peng, Zicheng, Wang, Zhaorong, Sun, Weidong, liu, Shizhong, Chen, Xianyi, 2001. Provenance study of Shang bronze artefacts from Panlongcheng with lead isotope analysis (盘龙城商代青铜器铅同位素示踪研究). In: Archaeology, H.P.I. of C.R. (Ed.), The Excavation Report of Panlongcheng (1963-1994) (盘龙城-1963-1994年考古发掘 报告). CulturalRelics Press (文物出版社), Beijing, pp. 552–558 (in Chinese).

Shanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, 2012. Excavation report of Dahekou cemetery, Yicheng, Shanxi (山西翼城大河口西周墓地). (in Chinese).

Shen J., Geng C., Liu R., Zhao Y., Wu Z., Chen K., Peng Y., Zhang J., Lang J. 2025. Bridging the crafts: lead isotopes reveal the innovation of lead-glazed pottery in Warring States China. Journal of Archaeological Science 182: 106354.

Sun, Shuyun, Han, Rubin, Chen, Tiemei, Saito, Tsutomu, Sakamoto, Minoru, Taguchi, Isamu, 2001. Lead isotope analysis of bronze artefacts from Panlongcheng (盘龙城出土青铜器的铅同位素比测定报告). In: Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology (Ed.), the Excavation Report of Panlongcheng (1963-1994) (盘龙城-1963-1994年考古发掘报告). CulturalRelics Press (文物出版社), Beijing, pp. 545–551 (in Chinese).

Sun, Z., Liu, S., Yang, S., Chen, K., Chen, J., 2023. Investigating the origins of metals used in the Early Shang capital of Zhengzhou. J. Archaeol. Sci.: Reports 48, 103872.

Tan, et al., 2023. Study on bronzes from Qujiazhuang cemetery, Shanxi (山西曲家庄墓地出土铜器研究). (in Chinese).

Pryce, Thomas Oliver, Baron, Sandrine, Bellina, B.H., Bellwood, P.S., Chang, N., Chattopadhyay, P., Dizon, E., Glover, I.C., Hamilton, E., Higham, C.F., 2014. More questions than answers: the Southeast Asian lead isotope project 2009–2012. J. Archaeol. Sci. 42, 273–294.

Tian, J. H., Jin, Z. Y., Li, R. L., Yan, L. F., and Cui, J. Y. (2010). An elemental and lead-isotopic study on bronze helmets from royal tomb No. 1004 in Yin Ruins. Archaeometry, 52(6), 1002-1014.

Tian, J., Jin, Z., Li, R., Yan, L., Cui, J., 2012. Research on Bronze helmet Excavated from King Tomb No. 1004 in Yinxu Site(殷墟1004号王墓出土青铜胄研究). Jianghan Archaeol.(江汉考古) 1, 92–99 (in Chinese).

Tian, J.H., 2013. Scientific Study of Erligang Bronze Artefacts Unearthed in Zhengzhou Area (郑州地区出土二里冈期铜器研究). PhD Thesis. University of Science and Technology China (in Chinese).

内田纯子、向桃初、平尾良光 (2008) 湖南省望城县高砂脊遗址出土青铜器及铅同位素比值分析

Saito, Tsutomu, Habuta, Yoshiyuki, Kameda, Shuichi, Fukuo, M., Chung, I.-S., Takada, K., Kazama, E., Fujio, S., Ryu, C.-H., Cho, Y.-J., 2009. Studies on Provenance and Currency of Ancient Korean and Japanese Bronze, Gilded Bronze, Silver and Galena Using Lead Isotope Analysis. Archaeol. Nat. Sci. (考古学と自然科学) 59, 57–81 (in Japanese).

Wang, Q., Guo, J., Chen, J., Liu, S., Fang, Z., Li, M., Fang, H., 2021. Lead isotope analysis of Shang bronze unearthed from the Liujiazhuang site in Jinan City(济南市刘家庄遗 址出土商代青铜器的铅同位素分析). Aechaeology(考古) 7, 106–120 (in Chinese).

Wang, Xiaoting, Yang, Y., Wang, T., Luo, W., 2024. A feast: Indigenous production and interregional exchange reflected by the bronze vessels unearthed from Shuangyuan Village Cemetery in southwestern China. Archaeometry 66, 352–367. https://doi. org/10.1111/arcm.12910.

Wang, K., Chen, J., Shuo, Z., 2013. Related issues of bronze smelting and casting remains unearthed from Shigudun Site in Tongling County, Anhui Province(安徽铜陵县师姑 墩遗址出土青铜冶铸遗物的相关问题). Archaeology(考古) 7, 91–104 (in Chinese).

Wang, Y., 2019. Scientific Study on Sheet-metal Artifacts of Chu Culture (楚文化薄片金属制品的科学分析). Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Science and Technology Beijing (in Chinese).

Wei, Qiang, Li, Xiuhui, Wang, Xiaolian, Chen, Jianli, 2020. Trace Elements Analysis of Bronzes Excavated from Guo State Cemetery (虢国墓地出土部分青铜器微量元素的分析). Conservation and Archaeometry Science (文物保护与考古科学) 32, 7 (in Chinese).

Wen, Juan, Ling, Xue, Zhao, Congcang, Zhang, Zhongyun, Yao, Zhengquan, Zong, Chunlei, Yuan, Honglin, Wu, Zhong, 2013. Primary analysis on lead isotope characteristics in Chu state bronzes in East-Zhou period unearthed from Liu'an district, Anhui Province (安徽六安地区东周楚国青铜器铅同位素特征的初步研究). Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) (西北大学学报(自然科学版)) 43, 1016-1020 (in Chinese).

Wu, X., Tan, J., Yan, X., Fang, Z., Liu, X., Zhu, L., Dong, W., Qu, T., Jin, Z., 2024. Highly radiogenic lead in shandong bronzes (5th-3rd century BC) and lead mines provides evidence of a metal road from China to Korea and Japan. J. Archaeol. Sci. 170, 106047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106047.

Wu, Xiaotong, et al., 2025. Lead isotope analysis of bronzes from Shandong sites (山东遗址出土青铜器铅同位素分析). (in press).

Xiao, Mengya, Chu, Xiaolong, Yu, Yongbin, Sun, Ming, Mei, Jianjun, Chen, Kunlong, Chen, Jianli, 2016. The analyses of bronze artefacts from Tianhu cemetery at Luoshan, Xinyang (信阳罗山天湖墓地出土青铜器的检测分析及相关问题初探). Huaxia Archaeology (华夏考古) 135-145 (in Chinese).

Yan, X., Wu, X., Lu, G. (2024). Provenance study on metal materials of the bronze weapons foundry site (2019 field session) in the ancient capital of the Zhu State, Shandong, China. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 60, 104814.

Yang, D., Wu, X., Liu, R., Wang, Q., Shi, B., Qu, T., Tian, J., Hua, F., Zhang, X., 2023. From diversity to monopoly: major economic policy change in the Western Han Dynasty revealed by lead isotopic analysis. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 15, 37. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12520-023-01729-0.

Yang, 2005. Study on bronze artefacts from Tianma-Qucun (Jinhou cemetery), Shanxi (山西天马—曲村(晋侯墓地)出土铜器研究). (in Chinese).

Yu, Yongbin (郁永彬), 2015. Scientific Analysis of Western Zhou Bronzes from Yejiashan Cemetery, Suizhou, Hubei (湖北随州叶家山墓地出土西周青铜器的科学分析研究). PhD Thesis, University of Science and Technology Beijing (北京科技大学博士论文) (in Chinese).

Zhang, Ji, Liu, Jianye, Wu, Han, Yao, Ling, Wen, Lei, Chen, Jianli, 2025. Study on Warring States tin-lead ingots and metal provenance inside and outside Jinan City, Jingzhou (荆州纪南城内外的战国锡铅锭块及金属产地研究). Jianghan Archaeol. (江汉考古) 2025(6) (in Chinese).

Zhang, Ji, Wang, Dan, Jia, Hanqing, Chen, Jianli, 2019. The analysis of the Spring & Autumn bronze artefacts from Huangtupo cemetery at Zhongxiang (钟祥黄土坡墓地 出土春秋青铜器的检测分析及相关问题研究). Cultural Relics from South (南方文物) 3, 104–113 (in Chinese).

Zhang, X., Gao, J., Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Tian, J., 2026. The impact of political changes on bronze manufacturing technology and metal sources in the late Jin state (c. 6th–4th centuries BCE): archaeometallurgical evidence from Southern Shanxi. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 18, 69.

Zhang, Ji, Zhao, Guojing, Zhang, Heng, Chen, Kunlong, Chen, Jianli, 2025. Research on the Succession of Lead Material and Periodization of Bronze Wares in the Qi Culture Area during the Warring States Period (战国齐文化区青铜器的铅料演替及分期研究). Journal of National Museum of China (中国国家博物馆馆刊) (in press) (in Chinese).

Zhang, 2001. Study on bronze artefacts from Liulihe site, Beijing (北京琉璃河遗址出土铜器研究). (in Chinese).

Zhang, J., 2020. The Research on the Resource and Technology of Eastern Zhou Bronzes- Focusing on the Han-Huai Regions (东周青铜器的资源与技术研究—以汉淮地区为中 心). PhD. Thesis. Peking University (in Chinese).

Zhangsun, Y.Z., Liu, R.L., Jin, Z.Y., Pollard, A.M., Lu, X., Bray, P.J., Fan, A.C., Huang, F., 2017. Lead Isotope Analyses Revealed the Key Role of Chang’an in the Mirror Production and Distribution Network During the Han Dynasty. Archaeometry 59, 685–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12274.

Zhangsun, Y.Z., Jin, Z.Y., Feng, F.Z., Tian, J.H., Wang, H.G., Zhao, C.C., Huang, F., Wu, X.T., 2021. Revisiting the lead isotopic compositions of the Shang bronzes at Hanzhong and the new hypothesis of Qinling as the source of highly radiogenic lead. Archaeometry 63, 122–141.